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Soviet phraseology, or Sovietisms, i.e., the neologisms and cliches in Russian language of the epoch of the Soviet Union, has a number of distinct traits that reflect the Soviet way of life and Soviet culture and politics. Most of these distinctions are ultimately traced (directly or indirectly, as a cause-effect chain) to the utopic goal of creating a new society, the ways of the implementation of this goal and what was actually implemented. Clearly the topic of this article is not limited to the Russian language, since this phraseology permeated all national languages in the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, Russian was the language of "inter-nationality communication" in the Soviet Union (although it was declared official language of the state only in 1990.〔("ЗАКОН СССР ОТ 24.04.1990 О ЯЗЫКАХ НАРОДОВ СССР" ) (The 1990 USSR Law about the Languages of the USSR) 〕), therefore it was the major source of Soviet phraseology. ==Taxonomy== The following main types of Sovietism coinage may be recognized:〔V. M. Mokiyenko, T.G. Nikitina, "Vocabulary of the Sovdepiya Language", St. Petersburg, ''Folio-Press,'' 1998, 704 pp. (В. М. Мокиенко, Т. Г. Никитина. (Толковый словарь языка Совдепии ). СПб.: Фолио-Пресс, 1998. - 704 с.) 〕 *Semantic shift: for example, "to throw out" acquired the colloquial meaning of "to put goods for sale". In the circumstances of total consumer goods shortage, putting some goods on shelves had a character of certain suddenness, captured in the expression. "Ivan, grab your ''avoska,'' oranges have been thrown out down on the corner!" — it was not that someone jettisoned oranges; rather a makeshift stall was set up in the street to sell oranges. *Intentional word coinage for new elements arisen Soviet/Socialist world, often as abbreviations and acronyms: Gosplan, KGB, gulag, kombed, agitprop, etc. *Colloquial word coinage: khrushchovka, psikhushka *Stylistic cliches: "forever alive" (about Vladimir Lenin), "laboring intelligentsia", to distinguish "good" intelligentsia from "bad" intelligentsia of the past, etc. *Political and ideological slogans Soviet people saw everyday everywhere. Often they were exploited in Russian political jokes. For example the formula "The Party is Intellect, Honor, and Conscience of our Epoch" was mathematically transformed into "Intellect is party minus honor minus conscience of our epoch." *Quite a few pejorative terms were standardized for numerous enemies of the people and other anti-Soviet subjects: "sharks of imperialism", "rootless cosmopolitans". "The whore of capitalism" was an epithet for genetics. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Soviet phraseology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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